Centrifugal Pump Vs. Positive Displacement Pump

 When it comes to choosing the right industrial pump to match expectations, there are two main pumps to choose from- Centrifugal and Positive Displacement Pumps. These two types of pumps are mostly used in commercial applications. Nearly all pumps fall into these two categories, with centrifugal being the most common. 

Explore more about the pumps and make the right decision! 

What is a Centrifugal Pump?

Centrifugal pumps are the most common type of pumps used. As their name suggests, centrifugal pumps operate by using centrifugal force. Centrifugal pump applications include commercial, residential, municipal, and industrial; and they offer high flow rates and efficient pumping of liquids. Some of these applications may include water circulation, general water supply, air conditioning, and irrigation. 

At the most fundamental level, a centrifugal pump has these three components:

  1. An impeller that rotates and imparts velocity to the liquid.
  2. A casing that captures the velocity generated by the impeller and transforms that velocity into a stable flow.
  3. An assembly of mechanical components that makes it possible for the impeller to be rotated within the pump casing.
Centrifugal Pump offers several benefits:
  • High efficiency
  • Design simplicity
  • A wide range of capacity and head
  • Ease of operation and maintenance
  • Smooth flow rate
  • Compact construction compared to other pumps 

Centrifugal pumps are very simple in design and contain few moving parts. This makes them cost-efficient when it comes to industrial pump maintenance. They are of great use when used continuously.  

What is a Positive Displacement Pump?
Positive displacement (PD) pumps were developed long before Centrifugal Pumps(CP). Positive displacement pumps can operate efficiently even when they encounter variations in viscosity, flow, and pressure. Unlike centrifugal pumps, a PD pump’s capacity is not affected by the pressure against which it operates. 

The moving of liquid in the pump can be captured inside a cavity to discharge the set quantity fluid. The liquid dislocation can take place within a few parts namely piston, diaphragm, and plunger. At the side of suction, the pumps have an increasing cavity, and a reducing cavity at the side of discharge; because the fluid can be sucked on inlet side when the cavity increases & can be released whenever the cavity decreases. 

Positive Displacement offers several benefits: 

  • The ability to handle liquids with higher viscosity at high pressure
  • Their ability to operate at lower flow rates
  • The option to run at any point in the curve
  • Efficiency that is not affected by pressure
The main difference between the two is that positive displacement pumps will move fluid at the same speed regardless of the pressure on the inlet end and centrifugal pumps will not.

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